9/01/2017

CHAPTER 23  The Changes That Are Brought by Salvation

CHAPTER 23  The Changes That Are Brought by Salvation 
 (from "YOU WERE BORN FOR A REASON The Real Purpose of Life")

with GLOSSARY,below


23章 人生の目的完成すれば どう変わる
(「なぜ生きる」から)







EVEN AFTER SALVATION, WE ARE NOTHING BUT WORLDLY PASSIONS, YET THE MIND IS FREE AND HAPPY 

Life has a definite purpose: to have one's darkness of mind dispelled,and so achieve never-ending happiness. This is Shinran's crystal-clear explanation. When one's darkness of mind is dispelled, what exactly changes, and how? Let us again hear what Shinran has to say.


人生には目的がある。 無明(むみょう)の闇(やみ)が破られ、未来永遠の幸せを獲得すること。親鸞聖人(しんらん・しょうにん)の解答は明らかだ。
無明(むみょう)が晴れると、どこが、どう変わるのか。つづいて聞いてみよう。

(「無明の闇(むみょうのやみ)」→下記、用語集を参照)

Although darkness of mind already is dispelled, the clouds and fog of desire and lust, anger and hatred continually cover the sky of true and real faith. It is just as when clouds and fog shroud the sun-filled sky: Beneath the clouds and fog, all is light, and not darkness. 
 (Teaching,Practice,Faith,Enlightenment)

:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
すでによく、無明(むみょう)の闇(やみ)を破すといえども、 
貪愛(とんあい  ).瞋憎(しんぞう  )の雲霧(うんむ)、
常に、真実信心の天を覆(おお)えり。
たとえば、日光の雲霧(うんむ)に覆(おお)わるれども、
雲霧(うんむ)の下、明かにして闇なきがごとし

(『教行信証』=親鸞聖人の主著)
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In other words, when darkness of mind is dispelled, the naked self is revealed, made of passions such as jealousy and envy, and nothing else. But however thick the layer of clouds and fog that covers the sky, as long as the sun is shining, underneath the clouds and fog all will be light; in the same way, although one does remain filled with desire, anger, envy, and other passions, once darkness of mind is dispelled, the mind is free and happy, as if at play in the Pure Land.

「無明の闇が破れると、欲や怒り、ねたみそねみの煩悩以外、何もない自己の裸形が知らされる。だが、雲や霧がどんなに天をおおっていても、日光で雲霧の下は明るいように、欲や怒り、ねたみの煩悩一杯あるがままで、心は浄土に遊んでいるように明るく愉快である」  

In Buddhist teaching, desire, anger, jealousy, envy, and the like are known as "blind passions." The human being is an aggregate of 108  blind passions; we humans are made of these passions, and nothing else.

仏教では、欲や怒り、ねたみそねみ、などを煩悩といい、煩悩に目鼻をつけたようなものが人間だと説かれている。これを煩悩具足(ぼんのうぐそく )の凡夫(ぼんぶ)という。

In the passage above, all of the blind passions that constitute us are likened by Shinran to clouds and fog, and the world of Amida's salvation( " true and real faith") is likened to the sunny sky. When darkness of mind is dispelled by the sun of wisdom, one sees clearly that one's true self is composed of nothing but blind passions. Shinran's statement that " the clouds and fog of desire and lust, anger and hatred continually cover the sky of true and real faith" is a confession of the revelation of his true self.

私たちを構成している百八の煩悩を、雲や霧にたとえ、弥陀に救い摂られた世界 (真実信心)を、天にたとえての解説である。
智慧の太陽で無明の闇が晴れると、欲や怒りで、できている、煩悩具足の私と知らされる。
「貪愛、瞋憎の雲霧、常に、真実信心の天を覆えり」と言われているのは、その告白だ。

Elsewhere, giving a similar depiction of the true nature of the self, Shinran declared that all humans are "overflowing ... with passions, full of desire, our minds cauldrons of anger and envy," and adding that for as long as we live, this condition " never stops, never vanishes, never comes to an end for even a moment "
In other words, we human beings are passion incarnate, without a particle free from desire, and we will never be rid of the blind passions in this life.

聖人のつぎの言葉も欲や怒りや、ねたみのほかに何もない、煩悩具足の人間の実態を言われたものである
(機の深信)。

:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

「凡夫(ぼんぷ)」というは、無明·煩悩われらが身にみちみちて、欲もおおく瞋(いか)り腹だち、そねみねむ心多くひまなくして、臨終の一念(いちねん)にいたるまで、止まらず消えず絶えず
(『一念多念証文(いちねん・たねん・しょうもん)』)
:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

(ここで「無明」といわれているものは、 弥陀の救いに遇(あ)ったときになくなる「無明の闇」のことではなく、欲や怒りのことである)

「人間というものは、欲や怒り、腹立つ心、ねたみそねみなどの、かたまりである。
これらは死ぬまで、静まりもしなければ減りもしない。もちろん、断ち切れるものでは絶対にない」

But the sun of wisdom can fill the mind with light, even though it remains shrouded with blind passions, and make it as happy as if at play in the Pure Landーjust as sunlight is able to dispel the darkness beneath clouds that obscure the sky.

しかし、雲や霧で天がおおわれていても、日光で、雲霧(うんむ)の下は明るくて闇がないように、どんなに煩悩(ぼんのう)におおわれていても、智慧(ちえ)の太陽で、心は明るく浄土に遊んでい るように楽しいのだ。  

If not for the sun, there would be no way to know of the clouds and fog covering the sky, nor would darkness itself be perceived as such. Neither would there be any way to know about a world in which, below the clouds, it is light and not dark. In the same way, until the sun of Amida's wisdom dispels our dark mind, we can never be aware that our true self is made up of blind passions, nor can we perceive the darkness of our own dark mind. Nor, of course, can we understand that the mind filled with pain and distress (blind passions) turns into a mind filled with joy, as if at play in the Pure Land.

「雲霧の下、明かにして闇なし」とは、その断言である。
だが、太陽がなければ、天をおおっている雲霧もわからないし、闇も闇とは思えない。「雲霧の下、闇なし」の世界など知るよしもなかろう。
同じように、智慧の太陽で無明の闇が破られねば、煩悩具足(ぼんのう・ぐそく)の自己もわからないし、無明の闇も、闇とはわからない。もちろん、煩悩一杯(ぼんのう・いっぱい)がよろこび一杯の、浄土に遊ぶ心などわかろうはずがない。

Shinran's analogy deftly points out that the fulfillment of our purpose of life hinges not on the passions, but rather on whether or not our darkness of mind has been dispelled.

私たちの本懐成就(ほんがい・じょうじゅ)のポイントは、煩悩にあるのではなく無明の闇が晴れたかどうかにあることを、巧みなたとえで説かれている、と知られよう。

AN ASTONISHING HAPPINESS
Hearing the word "salvation," most people cannot help thinking that it must mean some sort of change in our mental stateー that we become dauntlessly positive thinkers, or are able to endure suffering with a bit more grace, or some such thing. One writer has surmised as follows:

"救われる"と聞くと、「心の持ちよう」が変わり、何ごとも「プラス思考」になる のだろうとか、多少、苦しみにも耐えられるようになるのかなあ、と考える。
五木(寛之)氏もつぎのように推測する。  

Then, what changes? Possibly it is that even though we go on
suffering, we are able to bear it. I am inconclusive on the matter
because I believe that sometimes even those who have gained
real faith can lose the strength to live. That has to be accepted
as something "not in one's own discretion."

・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・
では、何が変わるのか。たぶん、苦しみつつも、それに耐えていくことができる、ということだろうか。断定的な言いかたをしないのは、真実の信仰を得たとしても、人は生きる力を失うこともあると思うからだ。それは「わがはからいにあらず」と受けとめるしかない。 (『人生の目的』)  
・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・


Others apparently think that it means we are liberated from egotism, and become indifferent to the lure of money and things, living aloof to the temptations of the world.

また、我執(がしゅう)から解放され金や物に淡白になり、ひょうひょうとした人生になるのだろうと思う人もあるようだ。

The Chinese sage Lao-tse declared that happiness consists in "knowing sufficiency." In Japan, a book called Seihin no shiso [The Philosophy of Honest Poverty] became a bestseller after the market crash based on the bursting of the land-price bubble. Many people believe that the only way to be happy is to suppress desire; some indeed believe that unless all desire is rooted out, happiness can never be achieved. But in his debate with Socrates, Callicles mocked such people, saying that those who want nothing cannot truly be said to be happy, "for then stones and dead men would be the happiest of all.

幸福は「足ることを知る」と説いたのは中国の老子であった。日本でもバブルの反省から一時、『清貧(せいひん)の思想』という本が話題になった。幸せになるには欲望を抑えねばならない、と考える人も少なくはないからであろう。中には、欲望を断ち切らねば 幸せになれないと思っている人さえある。それらの人たちをカリクレスは、欲望のなくなったのが一番の幸せなら、石や屍が一番幸福だとあざわらっている。

If we spend our lives attempting to satisfy our limitless appetites, we can never succeed, and we are doomed to suffer throughout our lives. No philosophy or way of thinking can show us the way out of this
dilemma. Only Shinran pointed to the existence of an astonishing sort of happiness that we can experience without reducing or eliminating our besetting passions, likening it to the brightness of a cloudy day: "Beneath the clouds and fog, all is light, and not darkness."  

This analogy represents another effort by Shin ran to do the impossibleーuse words to portray a world beyond words or imagination. Words cannot express true salvation (twofold revelation), but since there are no other means of communication, he took on this impossible task.

かといって無限の欲を満たそうとすれば、死ぬまで不満は絶えず、苦しまなければならないことになる。どうすれば幸せになれるのか、あらゆる哲学、思想は、ここで行き詰まっている。
ところが親鸞聖人は、欲や怒りの煩悩を、減らしも無くもしないままで体験できる驚くべき幸福の存在を、「雲霧の下、明かにして闇なし」とズバリ打ち出されている。ここでもまた、心も言葉も絶えた世界を説こうとする絶望への挑戦であったにちがいない。
言葉であらわしたものは真実の救い (二種深信、にしゅ・じんしん) ではないが、伝える手段がないから、無理を承知のたとえであろう。  


SUFFERING TURNS TO JOY
煩悩(苦しみ) 一杯が、
功徳(くどく、幸せ) 一杯となる

His darkness of mind dispelled, Shinran is made to see himself as a passion-ridden being and declares in contrition, "How shameful, how  grievous!" Simultaneously, his contrition transforms into joy. In an access of ecstasy, he shouts, "How joyful I am! ...  My delight grows ever fuller." In this way, suffering is transformed to joy without any change in quality or quantity. To explain this wondrous reality, Shinran uses the following analogy.

無明(むみょう)が晴れた聖人には、知らさ れた煩悩一杯が、「恥ずべし、傷むべし」の懺悔(ざんげ)となり、そのままが、「よろこばしきかな......慶喜(きょうき)いよいよいたりり」の歓喜となっている。
苦悩がそのまま歓喜となる煩悩即菩提(ぼんのう・そく・ぼだい)の不思議さを、つぎのようなたとえで説かれている。

Hindrances of sin become the substance of merit.
It is just as with ice and water:
The greater the ice, the greater the water.  
The greater the hindrance, the greater the virtue. 

:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
罪障功徳(ざいしょう・くどく)の体(たい )となる
氷と水のごとくにて
氷多きに水多し障(さわ)り多きに徳(とく)多し

(『高僧和讃(こうそう・わさん)』) 
:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

A great block of ice melts to form a great amount of water. In the same way, when darkness of mind is dispelled, the greater the intensity of one's desire, anger, and other blind passions, and the greater the joy of salvation. The very Shinran who is the vilest and most depraved of sinners is indeed the happiest and most blessed being alive.

「無明(むみょう)の闇(やみ)が破れると、欲や怒りの煩悩(罪障)の氷が解けて、幸せよろこぶ菩提(ぼだい)の水(功徳の体)となる。大きな氷ほど解けた水が多いように、極悪最下の親鸞(しんらん)こそが、 極善無上の幸せ者だ」

Just as a bitter persimmon turns sweet, so a plenitude of blind passions (suffering) becomes a plenitude of virtue (happiness). On this point Shinran is full of certainty.

シブ柿のシブがそのまま甘味になるように、煩悩(苦しみ) 一杯が功徳(幸せ) 一杯となる、すごい確信に満ちている。  

At age thirty-five, Shinran was exiled to the frozen wastes of far-off Echigo Province (today's Niigata Prefecture) in a wave of persecution against Honen and his followers. He expressed his outrage in these words: "From emperor to retainer, they rebel against Buddha's teachings and trample justice, giving anger free rein and committing great sin. And yet, he also had this to say: "Had my great teacher Honen not been sent away by authorities, how should I have gone into exile? Had I not gone into exile, how could I have hoped to convert the people of Echigo, who live in such a remote place? All this is owing to my teacher Honen."

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主上,臣下(しゅじょう しんか  )、法にそむき義に違し、
忿(いかり)を成し、怨をむすぶ
(『教行信証』)
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「天皇から家臣にいたるまで、仏法に反逆し正義を踏みにじり、怒りにまかせて大罪を犯す。ああ、なんたる暴挙ぞ」
聖人三十五歲、権力者の横暴で、越後流刑になったときの激怒である。

それがどうだろう。
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大師聖人(=法然上人、ほうねん・しょうにん)、もし流刑に処せられたまわずば,われまた配所におもむかんや。もしわれ配所におもむかずんば、何によりてか辺鄙(へんぴ)の群類(ぐんるい)を化(け)せん。これなお師教(しきょう)の恩致(おんち)なり
(『御伝鈔(ごでんしょう)』)
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The greater his lamenting, the greater his rejoicing. Here we see a demonstration of the Buddhist truths
ten'aku jozen ("unhappiness changes to happiness") and bonno soku bodai (" passions turn to joy " ) :suffering transforms into delight, without any change in quality or quantity. This is the wonder of the great sea of faith.

嘆(なげ)き多きに歌声高し。苦悩がそのまま歓喜と変わる「転悪成善(てんあく・じょうぜん」(悪が、そのまま善となる)「煩悩即菩提」(煩悩が、そのまま菩提となる)の大信海(だいしん・かい)不思議の実証であ ろう。

The more deeply I come to know of Amida's immense compassion,
the greater my gratitude to the teachers who led me.
My joy grows ever fuller, my debt weighs ever heavier ...
Mindful solely of the depth of Amida's benevolence, I pay no mind to others' derision.

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ふかく如来の矜哀(こうあい)を知りて、まことに師教(しきょう)の恩厚(おんこう)をあおぐ。
慶喜(きょうき)いよいよ至り、至孝(しこう)いよいよ重し。(中略)
ただ、仏恩(ぶっとん)の深きことを念じて、人倫(じんりん)の嘲(あざけり)を恥じず
(『教行信証(きょう・ぎょう・しん・しょう)』) 
:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

In other words, "I can only marvel at the joy of my salvation. I am overflowing with elation and thanksgiving. Awakened more than ever to the depth of Amida's compassion, I am prepared to carry on no matter what revilement I may suffer."

「どうして、こんな幸せに救い摂(と)られたのか。よろこばずにおれない。感謝せずにいられない。ますます如来(にょらい)の深き慈愛(じあい)を知らされて、どんなに、けなされ罵(ののし)られようと も、前進せずにおられない」

Derision, name-calling, oppressionーthe greater the trials that Shinran suffers, the greater his corresponding joy and gratitude to Amida, to the end of his vigorous ninety years of life.

押し寄せる嘲笑(しょうしょう)、罵倒(ばとう)、弾圧などが、大きければ大きいほど、如来(にょらい)への報恩感謝(ほうおん・かんしゃ)のよろこびも大きく、九十年の生涯、たくましい生きざまと転じている。

"The waves of all woe are transformed [to joy]." The joy that Shinran surely felt as he wrote these lines fairly radiates from the page.

「衆禍(しゅう・か  )の波、転ず」
(苦しみが、よろこびに転じ変わる)
とほほえまれる聖人が、輝きをもって迫ってくるのである。


GLOSSARY
ーーー
用語集
ーーー
DARKNESS OF MIND; THE DARK MIND (MUMYO NO YAMD
The mind of ignorance about what will happen after death. The ultimate source of suffering. 

無明(むみょう)の闇(やみ)
無明の闇とは「死後どうなるか分からない心」

元気なときは、「死は休息だ」「永眠だ」「恐ろしくない」と気楽に考えているが、  "いざ鎌倉"となると、先はどうなっているかだけが大問題となる。
死後は有るのか、無いのか、どうなっているのやら、さっぱりわかっていない、お先真っ暗な状態なのだ。

この「死んだらどうなるか分からない心」を、
「無明の闇(むみょうのやみ)」といい、また、
「後生暗い心(ごしょう・くらい・こころ )」ともいわれる。 

「後生(ごしょう )」とは死後のこと。「暗い」とはわからないこと。死後ハッキリしない心を「後生暗い心」とか「無明の闇」といわれるのである。

  
SHINRAN (1173-1263) Also known as Shinran Shonin or "Saint Shinran." Founder of Shin Buddhism or the True Pure Land School (Jodo Shinshu)  

親鸞聖人(しんらん・しょうにん)
(1173-1262)
京都に誕生。(平安時代末期)
9歳 出家し、仏門に入る。
29歳 弥陀(みだ)の誓願(せいがん)によって人生の目的達成さる。
31歳 それまでの仏教の形式を破り、肉食し、妻帯(結婚)する。
35歳 越後(新潟)へ流刑にあう。
60歳すぎ 関東から京都へ帰られる。
90歳で入滅(にゅうめつ)

TEACHING,PRACTICE,FAITH,ENLIGHTENMENT
Shinran's lifework, containing all of his teaching, After finishing a rough draft in his early fifties, he continued to refine in the rest of his life, editing and amending it.
PURE LAND;PARADISE(JODO;GOKURAKU)
The pure world inhabited by Amida Buddha.

BLIND PASSIONS; WORLDLY PASSION(BONNO)
Lust,anger,jealousy, and other delusions of the heart that trouble and torment us.
Buddhism teaches that the human being is an aggregate of 108 blind passions;
we humans are of these passions, and nothing else. 

AMIDA The Japanese pronunciation of the name of the buddha Amitabha [Infinite Light] or Amitayus (Infinite Life]. (Throughout this book, we have opted to use the Japanese version of his name rather than the Sanskrit.) Amida is supreme among the innumerable buddhas in the cosmos, all of whom achieved buddhahood through his power. See also Primal Vow. BIRTH-AND DEATH CYCLE The same as transmigration. Buddhism teaches that from ages past, each of us has been born and reborn countless times in a myriad of life forms. Just as a wheel keeps turning without end, so all beings travel endlessly back and forth among the various worlds of illusion, in constant suffering. BLIND PASSION: WORLDLY PASSION (BONNO Lust, anger, jealousy, and other delusions of the heart that trouble and torment us. Buddhism teaches that the human being is an aggregate of 108 blind passions; we humans are made of these passions, and nothing else. 


HONEN (1133-1212) The founder of the Pure Land School of Buddhism (Jodo Shu), and Shinran's teacher. Known for his profound learning and saintliness he was widely revered as Japan's premier Buddhist scholar. 

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English edtion " YOU WERE BORN FOR A REASON The Real Purpose of Life"
(Ichimannendo Publish, Inc.)

Japanese edition
なぜ生きる(1万年堂出版)


My friend have been studying Buddhist philosophy,here (She lives in USA.)

I have been studying Buddhist philosophy,here (I lives in Japan.)


Precious interview: About this book published several years ago
Alfred Bloom,Professor Emeritus of the University of Hawaii,
(leading expert in Shinran research)


返信先: @Malalaさん、@UniofOxfordさん
Hi,Marara.I'm Hiroyuki from Japan. Congratulations! I heard you study philosophy at University. Aso learn Japanese philosophy of Shinran !

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